Fair Value Hierarchy
The fair values of the financial assets and liabilities are included at the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in an orderly transaction in the principal (or most advantageous) market at measurement date under the current market condition regardless of whether that price is directly observable or estimated using other valuation techniques. The Company has established the following fair value hierarchy that categorizes the values into 3 levels. The inputs to valuation techniques used to measure fair value of financial instruments are:
Level 1: Level 1 hierarchy includes financial instruments measured using quoted prices.
Level 2: The fair value of financial instruments that are not traded in an active market (for example traded bonds) is determined using valuation techniques which maximise the use of observable market data and rely as little as possible on entity specific estimates. If all significant inputs required to fair value an instrument are observable, the instrument is included in level 2
Level 3: If one or more of the significant inputs is not based on observable market data, the instrument is included in level 3.
Fair value of financial assets and liabilities measured at amortized cost
As of March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024 the fair value of cash and bank balances, trade receivables, other current financial assets, trade payables and other current financial liabilities approximate their carrying amount largely due to the short-term nature of these instruments. For other financial assets that are measured at amortised cost, the carrying amounts approximate the fair value.
2 Financial risk management
The Company's risk management policies are established to identify and analyse the risks faced by the Company, to set appropriate risk limits and controls to monitor risks and adherence to limits. Risk management policies and systems are reviewed regularly to reflect changes in market conditions and the Company's activities.
This note explains the sources of risk which the entity is exposed to and how the entity manages the risk in the financial statements.
a) Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk that counterparty might not honor its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract leading to a financial loss. The Company is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily Trade Receivables) and from its financing activities, including deposits with banks, foreign exchange transactions and other financial instruments
(i) Trade Receivables.
Customer credit risk is managed by each business unit subject to the Company's established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk management. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on an extensive credit rating scorecard and individual credit limits are defined in accordance with this assessment. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and any shipments to major customers are generally covered by trade receivable buyout facility without recourse, letters of credit and other forms of security.
An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on trade receivables by lifetime expected credit loss method based on provision matrix. The Company does not hold collateral as security. The Company evaluates the concentration of risk with respect to trade receivables and contract assets as low, as its customers are located in several jurisdictions and industries and operate in largely independent markets.
The group assigns the following internal credit ratings to each class of financial assets based on the assumptions, inputs and factors specific to the class of the financial assets. The group provides for expected credit loss based on the following.
b) Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in market prices. Market risk comprises three type of risks: Foreign exchange risk, Interest rate risk and other price risk.
Interest Rate Risk
The Company is exposed to risk due to interest rate fluctuation on long term borrowings. Such borrowings are based on fixed as well as floating interest rate. Interest rate risk is determined by current market interest rates, projected debt servicing capability and view on future interest rate. The Company mitigates this risk by regularly assessing the market scenario and finding appropriate financial instruments like Interest Rate Swap.
Commodity Price Risk
Commodity price risk arises due to fluctuation in prices of raw material. The company has a risk management framework aimed at prudently managing the risk arising from the volatility in raw material prices and freight costs. The company's commodity risk is managed centrally through well-established trading operations and control processes. In accordance with the risk management policy, the Company carefully calibrates the timing and the quantity of purchase.
c) Liquidity Risk
Liquidity risk arises from the Company's inability to meet its cash flow commitments on time. Prudent liquidity risk management implies maintaining sufficient stock of cash and marketable securities. The Company maintains adequate cash and cash equivalents along with the need based credit limits to meet the liquidity needs.
3 Capital Management
The Company's objective with respect to capital management is to ensure continuity of business while at the same time provide reasonable returns to its various stakeholders. In order to achieve this, requirement of capital is reviewed periodically with reference to operating and business plans that take into account capital expenditure and strategic investments. Sourcing of capital is done through judicious combination of equity/internal accruals and borrowings, both short term and long term. Debt to equity ratio is used to monitor capital.
Direct tax contingencies: The Company has ongoing disputes with income tax authorities relating to tax treatment of certain items. The disputes relate to tax treatment of certain expenses claimed as deductions, computation or eligibility of tax deductible items for assessment year 2018-2019.
The Company has contingent liability in respect of demands from direct tax authorities in India and other jurisdictions, which are being contested by the Company on appeal amounting to Rs. 2.90 lakhs as at March 31, 2025.
Segment wise Revenue and results
g Operating segments are defined as components of the Group for which discrete financial information
is available that is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker, in deciding how to allocate resources and assessing performance. The Group's Chief Operating Decision Maker ('CODM') is the Chief Executive Officer. The Group has identified business segments as reportable segments. The business segments identified are Examination and related IT services and Printing and paper sales. CODM does not review assets and liabilities at reportable segments level, hence segment disclosures relating to total assets and liabilities have not been provided.
Defined Benefit Plan
The gratuity plan is governed by the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Under the gratuity plan, every employee who has completed at least five years of service gets a gratuity on departure at 15 days of last drawn basic salary for each completed year of service. The present value of obligation is determined based on actuarial valuation using the Projected Unit Credit Method,
which recognises each period of service as giving rise to additional unit of employee benefit entitlement and measures each unit separately to build up the final obligation. The following tables summaries the components of net benefit expense recognised in the statement of profit or loss and amounts recognised in the balance sheet:
Other Regulatory Information
The Company does not have any Benami Property, and no proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami Property.
The Company does not have any transactions with companies which are struck off.
The Company does not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with Registrar of Companies beyond the statutory period.
The Company have not traded or invested in crypto currency or virtual currency during the financial year
The Company has not advanced or loaned or invested funds to any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Intermediaries) with the understanding that the Intermediary shall:
(i) Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the company (ultimate beneficiaries) or
(ii) Provide any Guarantee, Security, or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries The Company have not received any fund from any Person(s) or Entity(ies), including Foreign Entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(i) Directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the funding party (ultimate beneficiaries) or
(ii) Provide any Guarantee, Security, or the like on behalf of the ultimate beneficiaries.
The Company has no such transaction which is not recorded in the Books of Accounts that has been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (such as, search or survey or any other relevant provisions of the Income Tax Act, 1961.
The Company have not been declared willful defaulter by any Banks or any other Financial Institution at any time during the financial year.
The company has utilized the borrowings from banks and financial institutions for the specific purpose for which it was taken during the financial year.
There is no change in opening balance of other equity due to change in any accounting policy and prior period errors
11 Code on Social security
The Code on Social Security, 2020 ('code') relating to employee benefits, during employment and postemployment, received Presidential assent on September 28, 2020. The Ministry of Labour and Employment has released draft rules for the Code on Social Security, 2020 on November 13, 2020, and has invited suggestions from stakeholders. The Company will assess the impact on its financial statements in the period in which the related rules to determine the financial impact are notified and the Code becomes effective.
12 The figures have been rounded off to the nearest lakh of rupees upto two decimal places. The figure 0 wherever stated represents value less than INR 50,000/.
13 Note No.1 to 28 form integral part of the Standalone Balance Sheet and Standalone Statement of Profit and Loss.
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